Fact check 6 myths about photovoltaics 

Myth 2: Solar power is too expensive

Solar power has long been considered to be above-average - and in fact, it has been for many years. However, a recent study by the Fraunhofer Institute shows that PV electricity has become significantly cheaper today compared to other technologies. Today, large PV power plants in particular are able to produce electricity that is comparatively cheaper than that of conventional power plants.² According to the Fraunhofer Institute, these cost advantages will continue until 2045 and will be further intensified by rising operating costs of conventional power plants, especially due to rising CO₂ prices throughout Europe.² The study estimates that that the long-term electricity generation costs for open-plan PV systems in Germany will fluctuate between 5 and 10 cents per kilowatt hour (kWh). Wind turbines therefore remain below 10 cents/kWh. Both figures were already reached in 2024.² For comparison: In 2024, lignite and nuclear power were at 25 and almost 50 cents/kWh respectively in Germany.²

Myth 3: The production of solar panels is more harmful to the environment than their benefits

Photovoltaic systems have a very short energy payback time. The so-called energy payback time for rooftop systems with silicon solar modules is 1.0 to 1.3 years in Europe.³ This means that the solar system has already generated more energy than was required for its production after this short time. In northern Europe, the payback time is around 1.1 years, in the south it is only 0.9 years.³ Over the entire operating period of typically 25 to 30 years, a modern photovoltaic system thus generates many times the energy used to produce it.

The materials - including silicon, aluminium, glass and various plastics - are largely recyclable. In recent years, recycling technology has also improved significantly, meaning that around 80 percent of a solar module can now be recycled very efficiently.⁴ In addition, PV modules have been subject to the take-back obligation in the EU for some time now.⁴ 

Myth 4: Solar modules are sensitive and their performance deteriorates quickly

Incorrect! Solar modules are designed for outdoor use and are therefore particularly robust. Even harsh weather conditions can hardly affect the panels. Modern systems have an approximate service life of 25 to 30 years.⁵ Their performance remains largely constant during this time. Regular maintenance can further minimise the low power loss. The following applies: Extreme weather events such as severe storms or lightning can actually cause damage to the solar modules.⁵

Myth 5: Solar farms destroy habitats

When it comes to the construction of open-air PV plants, there are regular fears that ecological habitats could be destroyed. But studies show a different picture: Solar parks can even create new, species-rich habitats. A comprehensive study by the German Federal Association for New Energy Industries has found that nature-friendly PV systems can promote biodiversity on site.⁶ In the nationwide field study, a total of 385 different plant species, 30 hay fencing species, 36 butterfly species, three reptile species, 32 breeding bird species and 63 bird species as feeding guests, as well as 13 bat species were detected in 2024.⁶ A protective fence is particularly important here. the elimination of pesticides and the extensive maintenance of grassland between the rows of modules.

Agri-PV systems represent a particularly environmentally friendly alternative. These are installed on agricultural land and generate energy without damaging sensitive crops such as grains or pulses. The plants can even benefit as the panels protect them from hail or excessive sunlight.⁷ 

Myth 6: PV systems emit harmful radiation

If components are properly installed, there are no signs of radiation harmful to health. The term electrosmog is commonly used for various technical fields, including static electrical and magnetic fields as well as electromagnetic fields. So far, no health risks from static electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields are known for PV systems.⁸